transboundary), to ensure an agreed upon direction to boreal caribou recovery is attained.Boreal caribou ranges will need to be managed to ensure their current and future ability to support self-sustaining local populations. Calf survival of woodland caribou in a multipredator ecosystem. In September 2016, Environment and Climate Change Canada published the The Minister of Environment and Climate Change may adopt or incorporate parts of a range plan, an existing provincial or territorial plan, or other relevant planning documents that meet the requirements of SARA as an action plan. Update COSEWIC status report on the Woodland Caribou Toupin, B., J. Huot, and M. Manseau. GPS, satellite tracking, aircraft, snowmobiles, trucks) have facilitated the chase of boreal caribou, resulting in a greater number of caribou being taken (Boreal Caribou ATK Reports, 2010-2011; Environment Canada, 2011a).Climate change has been identified by Indigenous knowledge holders and scientists as a threat to boreal caribou and their habitat. high-powered rifles and scopes) and in methods used to locate and access hunting sites (e.g. However, with the increase of industrial exploration and development, in a number of ranges there are fewer available suitable areas into which boreal caribou can move.

Calving rate, calf survival rate, and habitat selection of forest-dwelling caribou in a highly managed landscape. 2003.

Rangifer Special Issue 31: 35-47.McLoughlin, P.D., D. Paetkau, M. Duda, and S. Boutin. disease, severe weather). Ecological Modelling 157: 75-94.Whitefeather Forest. Ottawa: Environment Canada. Wildlife Monographs 165:1–32Harrington, F.H., and A.M. Veitch. Hydroelectric development and the disruption of migration in caribou. Kinley, G.S. The critical habitat necessary to achieve the population and distribution objectives for the recovery and survival of boreal caribou is now fully identified within this amended recovery strategy, as critical habitat is identified for all 51 boreal caribou ranges.Critical habitat was not identified in the Boreal Shield range (SK1) in the 2012 Recovery Strategy due to a lack of data on population size and trend, and the uniqueness of the disturbance regime (i.e. Accordingly, the five-year time frame for reporting on implementation allows for these changes to be included in an updated recovery strategy, and for subsequent range plans and action plans to be updated under an adaptive management framework.Monitoring of boreal caribou local populations based on performance indicators will be essential to have the information necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of management actions and to make necessary adjustments through an adaptive management process over time.The process of adaptive management planning and implementation acknowledges and supports the adjustment of management actions in light of new or more refined knowledge. Habitat fragmentation is the dissection of habitat by human-made linear features (e.g. Lichen abundance in the peatlands of Northern Alberta: implications for boreal caribou. Biophysical attributes in the Taiga Plain ecozone are used to describe the type of habitat needed for the identification of critical habitat for boreal caribou in the Southern Arctic and Taiga Cordillera ecozones.Mitigation of the adverse effects that may result from a proposed project on boreal caribou could include different techniques. For these reasons, a higher probability of persistence was selected for critical habitat identification in SK1 (71%) than was selected for the other 50 ranges across Canada (60%) (Environment and Climate Change Canada, 2019).The precise location of the 40% undisturbed habitat within the range will vary over time. Page.

Further, the amount of total disturbance within a range remains the primary criteria for identifying critical habitat to meet a goal of self-sustaining local populations of boreal caribou.Highlights of the application of the conceptual framework and associated analyses supporting the 2011 assessment include:In addition to these highlights, several important observations related to the availability of information emerged, and recommendations related to these are advanced:In conclusion, significant advances were made to the conceptual and methodological design in the 2011 Scientific Assessment to address some key uncertainties or limitations identified in the 2008 scientific review. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 1567-1574.Bradshaw, C.J.A., S. Boutin, and D.M. 1988. The primary threat to most boreal caribou local populations is unnaturally high predation rates as a result of human-caused and natural habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. It will be important to monitor habitat conditions, size and/or trend, and the distribution of boreal caribou local populations so that the effectiveness of individual range management regimes can be evaluated, and adjusted as necessary. Schmiegelow. McLellan, D.R. Martell, B.M. 2011a. Woodland caribou calf recruitment in relation to calving/post-calving landscape composition. Distribution and movement of Woodland Caribou on disturbed landscapes in Manitoba. BioScience 61(1): 39-48.Rettie, W.J., and F. Messier. The high level of interest in boreal caribou resulted in the submission of 19,046 comments during and subsequent to the public comment period. This information is provided in the following tables by ecozone and ecoregion.Biophysical attributes will vary both between and within boreal caribou ranges. 16: 123-136.Racey, G.D., and T. Armstrong. Wasel, and S. Boutin. Boreal caribou typically form relatively mixed-sex groups; however, during calving periods females are generally solitary (Boreal Caribou ATK Reports, 2010-2011; Nagy et al., 2011).Based on the best available information, the current overall number of boreal caribou in Canada is estimated to be approximately 33,000-34,000 individuals (Environment Canada, 2011b; COSEWIC, 2014). University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.Ontario Woodland Caribou Recovery Team. Mason, K.A. Pages 199–212 in T.C. Gray. Therefore, for SK1 critical habitat, activities that pertain specifically to increasing the level of anthropogenic disturbance in SK1 has been added to the list of factors that increase the likelihood that critical habitat will be destroyed.A single project/activity may or may not result in the destruction of critical habitat; however, when considered in the context of all current and future development activities within and among ranges, the cumulative impacts may result in the destruction of critical habitat.Mitigation of adverse effects from individual projects/activities will require a coordinated approach and management of cumulative effects within and among ranges. Saskatchewan Research Council, June 2010.Kelsall, J.P. 1968.


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